In the context of U.S. laws, what does a subpoena specifically do?

A subpoena is a legal document that commands an individual to testify or produce evidence in a legal proceeding. This crucial function serves to ensure that relevant information is available during trials, depositions, or other judicial processes. By requiring witnesses to appear in court or provide documents, a subpoena facilitates the collection of necessary testimony and material, allowing the court to hear all pertinent facts related to the case.

In contrast, options that involve arresting criminals, authorizing searches, or granting immunity relate to different legal mechanisms and serve distinct purposes within the judicial system. Mandating an arrest is typically executed through an arrest warrant, while law enforcement search authorizations are issued through search warrants. Legal immunity is a conditional protection from prosecution, not something that a subpoena grants. Thus, recognizing the specific function of a subpoena as requiring witnesses underscores its pivotal role in upholding justice and ensuring fair legal proceedings.