What does the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment limit?

The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment specifically limits the power of the national government by ensuring that individuals cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. This means that the government must follow fair procedures and that individuals have the right to notice and a fair hearing before any governmental action may significantly affect their rights or fundamental freedoms.

The clause acts as a safeguard against arbitrary denial of these rights and aims to uphold the principles of justice and legal fairness within federal actions. While some aspects of due process may apply to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment's due process clause is foundationally directed at limiting the actions of the national government. This distinction is crucial in understanding how constitutional protections differ at various levels of government.